The study following the largest number of heavy cannabis users reported that IQ declined between ages 7–13 and age 38. In a separate study researchers found an increase in schizophrenia and psychosis cases in Canada linked to cannabis use disorder following the drug’s legalization. Additionally, they have a higher risk of death from trauma, drug poisoning, and lung cancer.
Cannabis
Cannabis plants produce a large number of chemicals as part of their defense against herbivory. Environmental sex determination is known to occur in a variety of species. Cannabis was one of the first plant species to be karyotyped; however, this was in a period when karyotype preparation was primitive by modern standards. Many monoecious varieties have also been described, in which individual plants bear both male and female flowers. Cannabis is predominantly dioecious, having imperfect flowers, with staminate “male” and pistillate “female” flowers occurring on separate plants. Most strains of Cannabis are short day plants, with the possible exception of C.
Psychological effects can include mild euphoria, visual hallucinations, anxiety, depression, extreme variability of mood, paranoia, and psychoses. “The actual situation is nuanced, and more gets written that pushes for an overly optimistic view of cannabis’ medical value,” he said. Jonathan Caulkins, a professor of operations research and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University, who was not involved in the review, told Newsweek that while there is “high-quality evidence supporting certain very specific medical uses,” most medical use is “predicated on much less evidentiary basis, and below what is expected for FDA approval.” He said that the purpose of this review was to provide clinicians and patients with “better information with which to have sensible, evidence-based conversations,” conversations about medical treatment which he said should take place between doctors and patients, and “not between budtenders and customers in dispensaries.” The review found that 27 percent of adults from the U.S. and Canada have used cannabis for medical purposes, while 10.5 percent of Americans report using cannabidiol (CBD) for therapeutic purposes.
Where people can get help for cannabis use disorder
When the flowers of these plants are harvested and dried, you’re left with one of the most common drugs in the world. Cannabis refers to a group of three plants with psychoactive properties, known as Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis, weed, pot, and marijuana all refer to the same group of plants known for their relaxing and calming effects.
Despite advanced analytical techniques, much of the cannabis used recreationally is inaccurately classified. In 2005, a genetic analysis of the same set of accessions led to a three-species classification, recognizing C. Indica as separate species, but not C.
What is cannabis?
Sativa or a separate species, and proposed C. The name Cannabis indica was listed in various Pharmacopoeias, and was widely used to designate Cannabis suitable for the manufacture of medicinal preparations. In the early 20th century, the single-species concept (monotypic classification) was still widely accepted, except in the Soviet Union, where Cannabis continued to be the subject of active taxonomic study.
It’s possible to get addicted to pot. Here’s what to know
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies marijuana as a Schedule I substance. Scientists have historically classified marijuana (THC) as a hallucinogen. Scientifically, there are many unknowns regarding marijuana.
Laced cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids
Additionally, some people inhale the oil concentrates and other extracts from the cannabis plant—this is known as dabbing. The cannabis plant contains more than 100 compounds (or cannabinoids). Cannabis, which can also be called marijuana, weed, pot, or bud, refers to the dried flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds of the cannabis plant. (For more information about the medical uses of marijuana, see medical cannabis.)
This suggests that the hallucinatory effects of marijuana may work differently from those of other hallucinogens. However, not all instances of marijuana use cause hallucinogen-like effects. Researchers are still studying the long-term and short-term effects of this substance.
Marijuana is known by a variety of other names, including pot, tea, grass, and weed. Marijuana’s effects vary, depending on the strength and amount consumed. Medical research has found Cannabis and Brain marijuana useful in lowering internal eye pressure in persons suffering from glaucoma and providing relief from nausea and vomiting caused by treatments given to cancer and AIDS patients.
Production
- Children eating cannabis edibles, such as gummies, is a growing health concern.
- Ainsworth reviews that treatment with auxin and ethylene have feminizing effects, and that treatment with cytokinins and gibberellins have masculinizing effects.
- Other types of sales and transportation are not permitted, although the general approach toward cannabis was lenient even before official decriminalization.
- Via CB1 receptor activation, THC indirectly increases dopamine release and produces psychotropic effects.
(consisting of wild or feral plants). (consisting of cultivated plants), and C. Additional Cannabis species were proposed in the 19th century, including strains from China and Vietnam (Indo-China) assigned the names Cannabis chinensis Delile, and Cannabis gigantea Delile ex Vilmorin. In 1843, William O’Shaughnessy, used “Indian hemp (C. indica)” in a work title. Lamarck based his description of the newly named species on morphological aspects (trichomes, leaf shape) and geographic localization of plant specimens collected in India. In 1785, evolutionary biologist Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck published a description of a second species of Cannabis, which he named Cannabis indica Lam.
- In the United States, for example, several states have legalized recreational and medical cannabis.
- Zhukovski, in 1950, also proposed a two-species system, but with C.
- According to the latest version of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 7% of all people 12 or older had cannabis use disorder in 2024 and most had a mild form.
- Sativa may be accepted as a single undivided species.
- Psychological effects tend to predominate, with the user commonly experiencing a mild euphoria.
In the 1960s, most pot that people smoked contained less than 5% THC, the ingredient that gets you high. It’s become more common as cannabis has gotten stronger in recent years. “The more that somebody uses and the higher potency that somebody uses, the higher the risk of that,” Das said.
In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis (2.7% to 4.9% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65). There is a strong relation between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis, though the direction of causality is debated. Native to Central or South Asia, cannabis has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in various traditional medicines for centuries.
About 9% of those who experiment with marijuana eventually become dependent according to DSM-IV (1994) criteria. Cannabis users demonstrated increased activity in task-related brain regions, consistent with reduced processing efficiency. One review found three prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between self-reported cannabis use and intelligence quotient (IQ). One review concluded that, although most cognitive faculties were unimpaired by cannabis use, residual deficits occurred in executive functions. A 16-month survey of Oregon and Alaska emergency departments found a report of the death of an adult who had been admitted for acute cannabis toxicity. While the toxicity and lethality of THC in children is not known, they are at risk for encephalopathy, hypotension, respiratory depression severe enough to require ventilation, somnolence and coma.
This is the oldest documentation of cannabis as a pharmacologically active agent. The cannabis was presumably employed by this culture as a medicinal or psychoactive agent, or an aid to divination. Near the head and foot of the shaman was a large leather basket and wooden bowl filled with 789g of cannabis, superbly preserved by climatic and burial conditions. It also is a useful source of foodstuffs (hemp milk, hemp seed, hemp oil) and biofuels. Cannabis for industrial uses is valuable in tens of thousands of commercial products, especially as fibre ranging from paper, cordage, construction material and textiles in general, to clothing.